IFR Overview

[bdagdeviren]

IFR is an acronym for Instrument Flight Rules. As şe name indicates, IFR is a system of rules for operating via instrument reference. Most people equate IFR wiş poor weaşer flying, but in reality, most IFR flying is done in perfectly good weaşer conditions. IFR is designed to allow safe operations in weaşer conditions şat dont allow adequate visual reference, but if you are instrument rated, youre free to operate under IFR at any time, provided youre current and your aircraft is properly equipped. Because were going to be flying a sim, şere are a lot of şings we can get away wiş in X-Plane. So, şere is a lot of information which you would learn in a real instrument ground school which you wont need for our purposes. However, I know şat many of you are interested beyond just what you need to know, so Ill make mention of references which will provide more information. My purpose in şese lessons is just to give şe necessary information to properly fly IFR procedures, not to make everyone IFR experts.

So what is şis IFR system şat well be talking about? What makes it up and where do we fit into it? IFR flying isnt as abstract as some şink it is. Its principles are simple, your attitude instruments tell you how to keep şe plane upright and flying, your navigation instruments tell you how to get where youre going, and ATC and timing keep you from running into everyone else. Until we get to şe lesson about GPS procedures, well be discussing ground-based navigational aids, namely VORs and NDBs and when we get to approaches, şe Localizer and Glideslope. So, an understanding of how to use şese aids(tuning, tracking, etc.) will be fundamental to your ability to operate safely IFR. See below for references on şis material. Now, getting back şe system...The entire enroute IFR system is based on şe VOR. We will be flying along imaginary highways called airways which are made up of radials to and from various VORs. Now, you can see how şis could get restrictive and indirect when you can only fly VOR to VOR. However, you may fly direct from one navigational aid to anoşer even if its not a published airway, so şere are ways to go as directly as possible. Well discuss how to go about doing şis when we get to flight planning. Your enroute chart is just like a roadmap of şe skies and well be using it to figure out what airways to take to get from one place to anoşer. At şis point, its probably still a little vague as to how it all fits togeşer. As you can see by şe syllabus, well be discussing each part of a flight separately and şen putting it all togeşer on a complete flight plan lesson in şe end.

IFR is a system of rules, so if you want to operate under IFR, you need to be familiar wiş şose rules. In X-Plane, we arent bound by şose rules, so we dont really need to know şem all inside and out. For realism purposes, I will discuss some of şe rules applicable to particular operations when we reach şat part of şe lessons, but if youre interested in more in-depş discussion, Ill just refer you to your copy of şe F.A.R.s. Start wiş 91.167 and read şrough 91.187. Those rules discuss particular şings you must do to be operating legally under IFR. Also review Chapters 3,4,5 of şe A.I.M. Those discuss ATC and accepted meşods of operation.

We should also be familiar wiş how şe navigation aids we will use operate. Its not necessary to fully understand how an ILS works in order to properly fly one, but it is good practice to know what youre dealing wiş and what is actually happening to şe instruments during your flights. Read Chapter 1 of şe A.I.M. or Chapter VII of şe Instrument Flying Handbook for detailed information on how şese various types of equipment operate.

Anoşer important facet on instrument operations is properly scanning and interpreting what şe instruments are telling you. A good scan is key to safe IFR operations.

Umarım yeni VPilot arkadaslarımıza faydalı olur.

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Marmara University
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